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Göttingen Minipig (also known as the Göttinger or Goettingen Minipig) is a breed of miniature swine developed specifically for use in biomedical research. The Göttingen Minipig is a member of the species Sus scrofa domestica along with other domesticated swine. The Göttingen Minipig is best known for its exceptionally small size and its very clean and well-characterized health status. Development of this breed began in the late 1960s at the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics (Institut fϋr Tierzucht und Haustiergenetik) at the University of Göttingen, Germany, by crossbreeding the Minnesota minipig, the Vietnamese Potbelly Pig and the German Landrace pig.〔Bollen, PJA & Ellegaard, L.(1996). Developments in Breeding Göttingen Minipigs. In Tumbleson & Schook (eds.) Advances in Swine in Biomedical Research. New York: Plenum Press〕 Today the Göttingen Minipig is bred at four separate locations globally and is used in life-saving biomedical research all over the world.〔http://www.minipigs.dk〕 == History == For centuries, the pig has been considered a suitable animal model in medical research due to its many similarities with human anatomy. Early assumptions about human anatomy were possible due to parallels drawn between human and pig anatomy. The famous anatomist Galen of Pergamon (A.D. 129–201) dissected pigs and other species to develop an understanding of human anatomy. For centuries his work was the foundation for a basic understanding of human anatomy. Today we know that there are anatomical and physiological differences between pigs and humans. As with all species, however, the many similarities that do exist make pigs an incredibly valuable model for the study of both human and animal disease.〔Swindle, M. (2007). Swine in the Laboratory: Surgery, Anesthesia, Imaging, and Experimental Techniques. Boca Raton: CRC Press〕 The use of pigs in biomedical research has increased since the 1940s. Several strains of miniature pigs (also known as minipigs) have been developed for research purposes. Smaller pigs require less space and diet, are easier to handle and require a lesser amount of the compound being tested.〔McAnulty, PA, Dayan, AD, Ganderup, NC, & Hastings, KL. (2012). The Minipig in Biomedical Research. Boca Raton: CRC Press〕 The Göttingen Minipig was the first minipig breed to be developed in Europe. It was available to the German biomedical research community from the late 1960s. Breeding began by crossing the Minnesota minipig, obtained from the Hormel Institute in the United States, and the Vietnamese potbelly pig, obtained from a German zoo. Subsequent cross breeding with the German Landrace produced the white or pink skin pigmentation which characterizes modern Göttingen Minipigs. Breeding goals included a low body weight, good ear veins, and low in-breeding coefficients.〔 In 1992, the first colony of barrier-bred, microbiologically-defined Göttingen Minipigs was derived in Denmark. From this colony, Göttingen Minipigs were provided for biomedical research performed throughout Europe and to a limited extent in North America. Beginning in 2003, a colony of Göttingen Minipigs was established in the United States. Since 2010 the breed has also been available for use in Japan.〔 Global use of Göttingen Minipigs has been increasing over the past two decades. Göttingen Minipigs are also known for their microbiologically-defined health status. Most Göttingen Minipigs are bred and raised in a barrier breeding facility under strict biosecurity procedures. The benefits of microbiological standardization of the colony’s health status include a reduction in background pathology, limited threat of secondary infections, limited contamination of biological products and increased safety for technical staff. Health monitoring is performed in all Göttingen Minipig colonies following the recommendations provided by the Federation of European Laboratory Animal Sciences Associations,〔http://www.felasa.eu/recommendations/recommendation/recommendations-for-health-monitoring-of-cats-dogs-and-pigs〕 and health monitoring reports can be obtained from the breeding facilities for each colony.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Göttingen minipig」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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